The unconditioned response (UCR) to being punished is fear, anxiety, and resultant freezing or running-away behavior. So, after conditioning (i.e., learning) has occurred, the now conditioned stimulus ...
Murphy, J. V., and Miller, R. E., J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 48, 47 (1955).
This post is for all of those dismissing individuals who desperately want to get over their avoidance behaviors and have healthy relationships—and for the friends, family, and children of these ...
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